Foundation Musick's Monument
SO IN ALL TRIALS, LOUIS DULCKEN HAS BEEN UNDER THIS PAINTING WITH REGULARITY
YOUTUBE - VIDEO COMPLEET
The VIDEO about Louis Dulcken and his family was created through archival research. Each link below provides the document for perusal. The archives of Maastricht, Antwerp, Amsterdam and Overijssel ( Hasselt, Epe and Heerde) tell the unknown story about the Dulcken family and shed new light on music history as Louis Dulcken can be seen as the inventor of the fortepiano in the Low Countries.
Louis Dulcken was baptised in Maastricht on 15 April 1735 in the St Janskerk as the eldest son in the family of Johannes Daniël Dulcken and Susanna Maria Knopffell. Around the turn of 1737/38, the Dulcken family leaves the Gulden Kruis, Mäönt, Maastricht for Antwerp because they cannot pay their debts. On 17 June 1738, they are declared bankrupt. Repayment of the debts lasts until the middle of 1740. Dulcken has been called the most esteemed Flemish harpsichord maker of the 18th century. They probably got over their debts quickly, as the impression is that they were already in good spirits around 1747. The Dulcken family joins a small Reformed church in Antwerp in 1740: the Olijfberg, where Johannes Diepelius is pastor. In that Roman Catholic environment, the church community forms ‘a church under the cross’ and are tolerated when they do not cause offence.
In 1755, Louis, aged 20, leaves to go his own way. In March 1755 he is enrolled as a member in the Reformed Church in Amsterdam.There he meets Catharina Koning. The young couple get married on 7 May 1756. His father has to give permission for this because he is not yet of age. Johannes Lodewijk (Louis) Dulcken built up a thriving business in Amsterdam. From 18 May 1756 to 18 November 1760, Louis Dulcken advertised in the Amsterdamsche Courant. His address was : ‘woond t'Amst. bezyden het Kathuysers Kerkhof, bij het Weduwe Hofje, and from there Dulcken sells his instruments. For unknown reasons, the family left Amsterdam and crossed the Zuiderzee by ferry and arrived in Hasselt in early 1762 with three children including the later piano builder at the court of the Elector at Munich, Louis Dulcken Jr baptised on 9 August 1761.
Small Hasselt in Overijssel has a rich history as a fortified town with many privileges including its own jurisdiction. Remarkably, in 1762, another death sentence was carried out in the market square near the town hall. A man accused of culpable homicide was beheaded with a sword in front of the crowds of citizens.
The Dulcken family went to live in Hasselt on the corner of Nieuwstraat and Regenboogsteeg. In Hasselt, Louis went to work as an organ and harpsichord builder. He set up a workshop and workshop in the building on Nieuwstraat. As with his father, debts pile up, which we can read about in the various processes. In the spring of 1771, Dulcken faces a new problem. A member of the soldier garrison in Hasselt, cornet van Guldener spreads malicious slander. Dulcken is accused of sodomy. On September 22, the flame catches fire. In Jan Mansvelt's inn, a large number of people are seated and the conversation turns to Dulcken. Two persons, Hendrik Tracy de Wilde and officer Hendrik Stuijlen spread the slander Guldener started as being true. Dulcken, through his lawyer, files charges against de Wilde on 8 October for malicious defamation. The demand is for de Wilde to publicly acknowledge that he acted wrongly by spreading lies, damaging Dulcken's good name and honour. It also demands 1,000 ducats as compensation.
Meanwhile, the atmosphere between Dulcken and the magistrate Exalto D'Almaras is extremely tense. Dulcken expresses his anger at one of the mayors. This does not please the mayor. The magistrate then has Dulcken arrested and imprisoned. This probably happened immediately after 7 January 1772.
In 1773, Dulcken went to Antwerp, the city where his father built so many harpsichords. His home address remains Hasselt, where his wife and children continue to live, but his work address is Antwerp. He probably has two reasons for this. First, in Hasselt he is not sure of his life. Sodomy was punishable by death. The magistrate's actions were so unpredictable that he could be arrested just like that again. The second reason is that he sees better opportunities in Antwerp to market his new invention the pianoforte.
In the Gazette of Antwerp of 10 September 1773, there is an advertisement touting his work. 'Jean Louis Dulcken, (eldest son of the deceased Daniël Dulcken), master organ and harpsichord maker present at Antwerp, with the intention of coming to live there with time, presenter his service to make or repair organs or harpsichords.
And in the Gazette of Ghent on 6 July 1775:
Sieur Louis DULCKEN of Antwerp, oldest Son of Daniel, advertises, in order to make his knowledge known, that he has had two Clavecin-Bellen brought here, namely a Steirt-Stuk and a Forte piano of his work, being a new invention, because one can harder and softer the tone of the two without any commodity, which pieces are for sale and can be seen for a few days in the Herberge den Duydsch by S. Jacobs Kerke within this city. Jacobs Kerke within this City, where enthusiasts may find them, to examine them. Note. This Invention of louder and softer can be applied to all instruments'.
Dulcken is trying to connect with his parents' church in Antwerp. A letter dated 26 October 1774 has been preserved from Rev Diepelius to the magistrate of Hasselt. It is clear from that letter that Dulcken cannot be admitted without question. The vicar has heard stories from a servant of Dulcken about what happened in Hasselt. Dulcken reacts furiously. In Hasselt he was rejected and now the vicar rejects him on the basis of gossip.
Summary of letter from Johannes Diepelius 1774
The causes that urge me to demand a high attestation from your nobles, is by no means hatred, or revenge, for God forbids hatred and commands an avenger, because he is the Lord's; but a story from Dulken's mugs, from which I understand that his boss was expelled from the magistrate there because of sodomy, that he had more than too many debts there, that he was imprisoned to become mayor, having roused many citizens, that he had been suspicious with a Jewess, and had committed many other greater evils.
7 May 1776 The sodomy trial has been running since 22 September 1771 and now finds an end. Dulcken is vindicated and De Wilde is convicted of spreading malicious slander. Whether Dulcken received the 1,000 guilders compensation is not clear.
On 3 November 1776, Dulcken and his wife are in Amsterdam where they pick up a copy of their marriage certificate at the church in Sloterdijk. In order to start a new life elsewhere, they probably needed this certificate to prove they were married. These records show that the Dulcken family left Hasselt no later than November 1776.
They go to live in Antwerp from where he sells his new invention, the pianoforte, in various cities. On 13 March 1777, he is in Ghent, where he sells a harpsichord with double keyboards and five stops, made in Antwerp in 1740 by Daniël Dulcken, at the Haeze-Wind lodge. Johannes Lodewijk converted his father's harpsichord into a pianoforte and enlarged it to five octaves.
Yet he did not stay in Antwerp. Around 1780 he settled in Paris, in 1783 in Rue Vieille du Temple and from 1788 in Rue Mauconseil. His last sign of life came from Munich, where he went to live with his son. He dies between 1793 and 1795 in Munich because Jan Dulken's remarriage act states: parents dead.
VIDEO PART I - Bach Goldberg Var. 30. a 1 Clav. (Cees-Willem van Vliet - Bätz organ Amersfoort)
BETROTHAL IN AMSTERDAM
Johan Lodewijk Dulcken (Louis Sr) van Mastrigt entered a notice of marriage in Amsterdam on 7 may 1756 to Catrina Koning. Syn vader Daniel Dulken, at Antwerp has contributed consent well. Acte granted den 23 May 1756 to marry at Sloterdijk.
CATTHUYSERS STRAAT - WEDUWEHOFJE AMSTERDAM
Amsterdamsche courant: LOUIS DULCKEN, Mr. Orgel- en Clavecimbaal-maker, living next to the Catthuysers kerkhof t'Amsterdam, presents for sale by hand a magnificq Clavecimbaal, being a Tailpiece; the which can be seen every day (except Sundays), in the morning from 9 to 1, and in the afternoon from 3 to 8 o'clock. NB. Although it is said that his well-known Royal Cabinet Organ would be sold, it is hereby advertised that it is still for sale.
The houses next to the Weduwehofje Kathuysers street are still there. The ‘Four Seasons’ built in 1731.
VIDEO PART II HASSELT - (1762-1776)
HOUSE VAN DULCKEN ON THE NIEUWSTRAAT IN HASSELT
Catharina Koning plays the sonata opus 2 - part I, composed by Francesca Lebrun in the white room. (Paula Bär-Giese soprano, clothes Lydia Vroegindeweij)
THE OLD TOWN HALL (REGTHUYS) IN HASSELT OVERIJSSEL
THEME HATE OR, REVENGE
VIDEO REGHTHUYS HASSELT THE NETHERLANDS
In this part of the video, the setting is the courtroom of the Old Town Hall for the Aria, Oh mia cor from Handel's ALCINA.
Alcina - Paula Bär-Giese - soprano
Cees-Willem van Vliet - harpsichord
Magistrate - Henk Poelarends.
Het leven van Nicolaes van Galen van HASSELT (Overijssel)
VIDEO DEEL III
NICOLAES VAN GALEN - JOHANNES VERMEER OF HASSELT
SO IN ALL TRIALS, LOUIS DULCKEN HAS BEEN UNDER THIS PAINTING WITH REGULARITY
INFO NICOLAES VAN GALEN
Hans Meijer - lute
The canvas is signed by N. van Galen, who lives in Hasselt. Son of Juriaen van Galen and the ‘noble’ Rijkien van Ittersum. She was the daughter of the licensee and later Hasselter mayor Hendrik van Ittersum and Carsien Claesen. In 1605, she had married Jurrien. Nicolaes van Galen himself married Amersfoort-born Johanna Ferreris in 1649. The son of her elder brother Mr Bernard Ferreris, Dirck, born in 1639, was also a painter. Van Galen, who by now had two children, Rijckjen (1650)and Theodoor (1652), stayed in Kampen in 1652, where he was in contact with the Amsterdam art dealer Jacob Ritsma. In the said year, the painter Claes van Galen demanded in a letter from this Ritsma the remittance of the amount he had received for two paintings given to him. Nicolaes van Galen added to the painting F. [ fecit (= made)].
Het leven van Nicolaes van Galen van HASSELT (Overijssel)
INFORMATION Koninglyk Cabinet-Organ Project
Information Louis Dulcken organ house Beuning/de Clercq - Keizersgracht 187
From 1756 to 1757, Louis Dulcken advertised a Koninglyk Cabinet Organ in the Amsterdam newspaper. This organ was eventually sold to de Clercq, who lived at Keizersgracht 187.
The room next to which the organ was displayed can now be seen in the RIJKSMUSEUM Beuningzaal.
It is currently being considered whether the Koninglyk Cabinet Organ can be displayed again in the Beuning Room in the Rijksmuseum.
In the years 1744-1748, the merchant Mathijs Beuning (1707-1755) had the rear house keizersgracht 187 built and one of two rooms of it furnished with exceptional, richly carved mahogany panelling. This room was connected by a double door to an adjacent smaller room in the left part of the rear house. In Matthijs Beuning's time, these two halls were regularly used for house meetings by the Amsterdam Hernhutters. The core of this society was formed by the Collegiants, to which the Baptist Beuning family originally belonged. Jacob de Clercq (1710-1777), who bought the house from Matthijs Beuning in 1753, subsequently had a gigantic house organ installed in the small hall: The Koninglyk Cabinet Organ by Louis Dulcken The Swede Bengt Ferrner mentions this organ in his travelogue, having been a guest of Jacob de Clercq on 5 April 1759, among other occasions.
THE DULCKEN FAMILY, INSTRUMENT MAKERS - MUSICIANS
• Johannes Daniël Dulcken (21 april 1706 – Antwerpen 11 april 1757) x Susanna Maria Knopffllin
• Johannes Lodewijk (Louis)Dulcken I (1735 - † tussen 1793 en 1795 München) x Catharina Koning
• Johannes Lodewijk (Louis) Dulcken II (1761 - † München 1836) [brother Johannes Dulcken ( 26 December 1768 - †?)]
Louis Dulcken x Sophie Le Brün
Brün, (Sophie Le), the daughter of the famous Bavarian court musician Ludwig August Le Brün, and the great singer Franziska Le Brün, née Danzi, was born in London on 20 July 1781, learnt the basics of music in Munich with Knechtl, the piano with Streicher, and the basso continuo with Schlett, and married the royal Bavarian mechanical piano maker Johann Ludwig Dülken in Munich on 18 April 1799. She is a true artist on the piano in every respect, and plays this instrument with spiritual expression, true feeling and extraordinary skill. When she travelled to Paris, Switzerland and Italy, her excellent playing enchanted every listener, and connoisseurs and artists conceded her the first rank in this art. In addition to this, she sings very well, has a deep insight into the essentials of music, combines her great practical musical knowledge with theoretical knowledge to the same degree, and has a thorough understanding of composition. She has composed several concertos, sonatas and the like for the piano; it is a pity that they have not become generally known through engraving or printing.
On 25 June 1831 Louis Dulcken relinquished his post as royal keyboard instrument maker; he died five years later. In his will Dulcken named as heirs his wife Sophie Lebrun (b London, 20 June 1781–d Munich, 23 July 1863), his sons Theobald and Heinrich, his married daughters Louise and Franziska Bohrer, and his then unmarried daughters Violande, Johanna, and Caroline Dulcken. Theobald as business manager and Heinrich as builder apparently completed their father’s commitments after his death but soon closed the shop. Both sons eventually moved to London where Theobald became a wool merchant and Heinrich an organist. Louise and Franziska had married the brothers Max and Anton Bohrer; Louise became court pianist in Stuttgart. Violande became a concert singer in Munich. Dulcken's son Theobald became Louis partner about 1816, and the business continued until 1831, when Louis Dulcken retired.
Théobald Dulcken 1800-1882 Married in 1828, Munich, Bavière, Allemagne, to Louise Marie David 1811-1850
Heinrich Dulcken, organist, 1801 Married to Auguste Burghaagen
Louise Sophie Dulcken 1803-1857 Married to Maximilian Caspar Anton Bohrer 1785-1867
Franziska Dulcken 1805-1873 Married to Joseph Anton Bohrer 1783-1863
Violanda Dulcken, prix du Conservatoire de Paris 1810-1863/ Married 18 April 1837 (Tuesday), Munich, Bavière, Allemagne, to Jean
François Adolphe Bouvier 1802-1862
Ferdinand Quentin Dulcken (1837–1901)
Sophie (Louise Auguste) Dulcken 6 March 1835 in London, † 15 July 1923 in Dinard (Brittany), pianist
(Sarah) Isabella (Auguste) Dulcken, Dulken, married name Braun
ABSTRACT
COMPLETE EDITIE - HENK POELARENDS / HANS MEIJER
ABSTRACT
COMPLETE EDITION - HENK POELARENDS / HANS MEIJER
ABSTRAKTE
GESAMTAUSGABE - HENK POELARENDS / HANS MEIJER
De Stichting Musick’s Monument is het “Dulcken, drie generaties clavecimbel & fortepiano bouwers” project gestart.
Uit het genealogisch onderzoek van Hans Meijer naar zijn voorouders kwam Jan Dulken, geboren te Hasselt, te voorschijn.
The Musick's Monument Foundation has started the ‘Dulcken, three generations of harpsichord & fortepiano builders’ project.
Hans Meijer 's genealogical research into his ancestors revealed Jan Dulken, born in Hasselt.
ONDERTROUW TE AMSTERDAM
GEBOREN TE HASSELT OVERIJSSEL 26-12-1768
Johannes (Jan) Dulken zijn vader was Johan Lodewijk Dulcken en zijn grootvader Johan Daniël Dulcken.
Johannes (Jan) Dulcken zijn broer Louis Dulcken.
Johannes (Jan) Dulken his father was Johan Lodewijk Dulcken and his grandfather Johan Daniël Dulcken.
Johannes (Jan) Dulcken his brother Louis Dulcken.